Uburyo 4 bw’ingenzi bwo kurinda amakuru yawe bwite kwinjirirwa

Muri iki gihe isi iri mu ikoranabuhanga, abantu benshi bakoresha internet mu buzima bwa buri munsi nko kohereza amafaranga, kuganira, kubika inyandiko, gukora ubucuruzi no kwiga. Ibi bituma amakuru bwite yacu aba afite agaciro gakomeye cyane. Ariko kandi, uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere ni nako abajura bo kuri internet bagenda bashaka uburyo bwo kwiba ayo makuru.

Kwinjirirwa kw’amakuru ni igihe amakuru yawe bwite agerwaho n’umuntu utabifitiye uburenganzira. Ibi bishobora kuba ku mpanuka, nko kohereza email ku muntu utari we, cyangwa bikaba igitero cy’abajura bo kuri internet (hackers) bashaka kuyiba. Iyo amakuru yawe yinjiwe, ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bushobora kuguteza ibibazo bikomeye.

Abajura bo kuri internet bashobora gukoresha amakuru yawe mu:

• Kugurisha amakuru yawe ku bandi bajura bo kuri internet
• Gukora ibyaha bakoresheje amazina yawe cyangwa imyirondoro yawe
• Kwiba konti zawe zo kuri internet nka email, Facebook cyangwa banki

• Kugushyiraho igitutu bagutera ubwoba kugira ngo ubahe amafaranga

Ni yo mpamvu kwirinda ari ingenzi cyane kurusha gutegereza ko ikibazo kibaho.

Dore uburyo bune bw’ingenzi bwagufasha kurinda amakuru yawe bwite.

1. Koresha uburyo bukomeye bwo kwinjira muri konti zawe:

Kwibwa kwa konti ni bumwe mu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa n’abajura bo kuri internet kugira ngo babone amakuru y’abantu. Iyo babashije kubona ijambo ry’ibanga ryawe, bashobora kwinjira muri email yawe, konti ya banki cyangwa imbuga nkoranyambaga. Ni byiza rero gukoresha ijambo ry’ibanga rikomeye kandi ryihariye kuri buri konti.

Ijambo ry’ibanga rikomeye rigomba kuba:

• Rifite inyuguti nkuru n’intoRifite imibare
• Rifite ibimenyetso nka @, #, $, %
• Ritari rigufi cyane
• Ritari izina ryawe cyangwa itariki y’amavuko

Ikindi cy’ingenzi cyane ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo kwinjira busaba kwemeza inshuro ebyiri (Two-Factor Authentication). Ubu buryo busaba ko nyuma yo gushyiramo ijambo ry’ibanga, woherezwa kode kuri telefoni yawe cyangwa email, bityo n’uwamenya ijambo ry’ibanga ntiyahita yinjira muri konti yawe.

Ni byiza kandi guhindura amagambo y’ibanga buri gihe, cyane cyane kuri email na banki.

2. Jya ukurikirana konti zawe z’ikoranabuhanga:

Abantu benshi bibwa konti zabo batabizi kuko badakunda kugenzura ibikorwa bikorerwa kuri konti zabo. Ni byiza kujya ureba buri gihe niba nta bikorwa bikorerwa kuri konti yawe utazi.

Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuri:

• Konti za banki
• Mobile Money
• Email
• Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Nubona amafaranga yoherejwe utabizi, ubutumwa bwo guhindura ijambo ry’ibanga utasabye, Email ivuga ko winjiye ahantu utari uri Konti yawe iri kohereza ubutumwa utanditse, Ibyo bishobora kuba ikimenyetso ko hari umuntu winjiye muri konti yawe.

Icyo gihe ugomba:

• Guhita uhindura ijambo ry’ibanga
• Gufunga konti by’agateganyo niba bishoboka
• Kubimenyesha banki cyangwa serivisi ukoresha

3. Jya ukora amavugururwa y’umutekano (updates) ku bikoresho byawe:

Mudasobwa, telefoni n’izindi porogaramu dukoresha ziba zifite ibyuho by’umutekano bishobora gukoreshwa n’abajura bo kuri internet. Abakora izo porogaramu bahora bashyiraho amavugururwa (updates) yo gufunga ibyo byuho. Iyo utavuguruye telefoni cyangwa mudasobwa yawe, Aba hackers bashobora kukwinjiramo, Virusi zishobora kwinjira mu gikoresho cyawe, Amakuru yawe ashobora kwibwa.

Ni byiza rero:

• Kwemera updates igihe zije
• Kudakoresha porogaramu zituzuje ubuziranenge (pirated software)
• Gukuramo applications ku masoko yizewe gusa
• Gukoresha antivirus niba ukoresha mudasobwa
• Amavugururwa ni ingenzi cyane mu kurinda amakuru yawe.

4. Fungisha inyandiko z’ingenzi ijambo ry’ibanga:

Niba ufite amadosiye y’ingenzi kuri mudasobwa yawe nka:

• Kopi z’indangamuntu
• Amasezerano
• Amabanga y’akazi
• Amashusho y’ingenzi
• Amakuru ya banki

Ni byiza kuyashyiraho ijambo ry’ibanga (encrypting files) kugira ngo hatagira uyageraho mu buryo butemewe.

Uburyo bwo gufungisha dosiye kuri Windows

Jya aho wabitse dosiye, Kanda iburyo kuri dosiye, Hitamo Properties, Kanda Advanced, Shyira akamenyetso kuri Encrypt contents to secure data, Kanda OK hanyuma Apply.

Hitamo niba ushaka gufunga dosiye imwe cyangwa zose ziri muri ubwo bubiko.

Uburyo bwo gufungisha dosiye kuri macOS

Jya kuri Finder, Jya muri Applications, Fungura Utilities, Hitamo Disk Utility, Kanda File > New Image > Image from Folder, Hitamo dosiye ushaka gufunga.

Hitamo 256-bit AES Encryption Hitamo Read/Write kuri Image Format, Kanda Save hanyuma Done. Ibi bituma dosiye zawe zifungurwa gusa n’ufite ijambo ry’ibanga.

Indi nama y’ingenzi

Gira Backup z’amakuru yawe, Nubwo wakwirinda gute, ushobora gutakaza amakuru yawe bitewe no kwibwa, virusi cyangwa kwangirika kw’igikoresho cyawe. Ni byiza kugira kopi z’amakuru yawe (backup).

Ushobora kuyabika: Kuri Hard Disk yo hanze, Kuri Flash Disk, Kuri Cloud storage, Cyangwa ku yindi mudasobwa. Ibi bituma n’iyo waba wibwe cyangwa igikoresho cyawe cyangiritse, amakuru yawe atazimira.

Kurinda amakuru yawe bwite ni inshingano za buri muntu ukoresha ikoranabuhanga. Ntibisaba kuba umuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga, ahubwo bisaba kugira amakenga no gukurikiza amabwiriza y’umutekano. Gukoresha amagambo y’ibanga akomeye, gukurikirana konti zawe, gukora updates no gufungisha dosiye z’ingenzi ni zimwe mu ntambwe z’ingenzi zagufasha kurinda amakuru yawe.

Igihe cyose ucyetse ko waba wahuye n’ igitero cyo kwinjirirwa kuri murandasi, hamagara kuri telefoni, umurongo utishyurwa 9009, cyangwa woherereze imeli kuri [email protected] .