U Rwanda ruri mushinga Mugari wo Guhindura Imodoka zikoresha Lisansi zikajya zikoresha Amashanyarazi na Gaz

Mu rwego rwo gushaka igisubizo kirambye kandi gishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu rwego rwo guhangana n’izamuka rikabije ry’ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ku isoko mpuzamahanga, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda binyuze mu nzego zayo zitandukanye, yatangaje ko iri gutegura gahunda y’ingirakamaro yo guhindura imodoka zisanzwe zikoresha lisansi cyangwa mazutu (Internal Combustion Engines), zikajya zikoresha ingufu z’amashanyarazi cyangwa gaz. Iyi gahunda ntabwo ije nk’uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo ni n’ingamba z’ubukungu zigamije kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro bya peteroli ku Isi, bikunze gutuma ubuzima bw’abaturage buhenda kubera ikurwa ry’ibintu ahantu hamwe bijyanwa ahandi (transport logistics costs).

Iyi gahunda iri gutegurwa mu gihe isi yose, n’u Rwanda by’umwihariko, ihanganye n’ikibazo cy’ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli bikomeje kuzamuka mu buryo budasanzwe, ibintu byagize ingaruka zikomeye cyane ku bukungu bw’ingo n’ubw’igihugu muri rusange. Mu minsi ishize, igiciro cya lisansi mu Rwanda cyazamutse ku buryo butigeze buhabaho aho litiro imwe yageze hafi ku mafaranga y’u Rwanda 3.000, ibintu byahise bizamura n’ibiciro by’ubwikorezi bw’abantu n’ibintu, bituma n’ibiciro by’ibiribwa ku masoko bizamuka. Ibi byatumye Leta ibona ko gukomeza gushingira ubwikorezi ku binyabiziga bikoresha lisansi gusa ari ukwishyira mu kaga k’ubukungu budashobora kugenzurwa, bityo gushaka izindi ngufu biba ari ihame ridakuka.

Ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ibiciro bya peteroli ntabwo ari ikibazo cy’imbere mu gihugu, ahubwo bwatewe cyane n’amakimbirane n’intambara zikomeje kuvugwa mu gace k’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati, zirimo cyane amakimbirane akomeye hagati ya Israel, Amerika na Iran. Aya makimbirane agira ingaruka z’ako kanya ku miterere y’umutekano mu nzira ya Hormuz (Strait of Hormuz), ari na yo nzira y’amazi inyuzwamo igice kinini cyane cya peteroli ikoreshwa ku Isi yose. Iyo iyi nzira ihuye n’ibibazo cyangwa amato akaba ashobora kwibasirwa, ibiciro bya peteroli bihita biritse ku buryo bukabije, bigatuma n’ibihugu bidafite peteroli mu butaka bwabyo nka Rwanda bihasiga uburyo bugaragara mu rwego rw’ubukungu.

Minisiteri y’Ibikorwaremezo (MININFRA) ivuga ko u Rwanda rugeze mu gihe rutarizwa no guhindura icyerekezo mu bijyanye n’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu, aho rushaka gutandukana n’uburyo bwa kera bwo kugendera gusa ku modoka zihumanya ikirere, ahubwo rugatangira kwinjira mu buryo bushya bwo gukoresha ibinyabiziga bitandukanye birengera ibidukikije kandi bidatwara amafaranga menshi mu kubisana n’imikoreshereze yabyo ya buri munsi. Ubu buryo bushya (Retrofitting) bwo guhindura imodoka isanzwe ikaba iy’amashanyarazi cyangwa gaz, bufatwa nka nzira y’ubusamo ihendutse kuruta gutegereza ko abaturage bose bazagura imodoka nshya z’amashanyarazi, kuko kwigurira imodoka nshya bihenze cyane ugereranyije no guhindura iyo usanganywe.

Umujyanama Mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Ibikorwaremezo ushinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu, Byiringiro Alfred, yagaragaje ko Leta y’u Rwanda ishyize imbere ubu buryo bwo guhindura imodoka binyuze mu biganiro biri kuba hagati ya Leta n’ibigo mpuzamahanga by’inzobere bifite ikoranabuhanga rihanitse ryo guhindura moteri (conversion kits). Yavuze ko u Rwanda rutangiye uru rugendo rufite aho rurahura ubumenyi, dore ko hari hasanzwe gahunda yo guhindura moto zisanzwe zikoresha lisansi zikaba iz’amashanyarazi. Kugeza ubu, moto zirenga 80 zamaze guhindurwamo izikoresha amashanyarazi mu rwego rw’igerageza ryamaze kwerekana ko ubu buryo bushoboka kandi ko moteri zihinduye zigira imbaraga nk’izisanzwe ndetse zikanatwara make.

Muri uru rugendo rwo gushaka ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, hari ibigo bikomeye biva mu bihugu nka Pologne na Turikiya byamaze kugirana ibiganiro n’u Rwanda, byemeza ko bishoboka rwose guhindura imodoka zisanzwe zikoresha lisansi zigakoresha gaz cyangwa amashanyarazi bitewe n’amahitamo ya nyir’ikinyabiziga. Ibi bigo bitanga tekinoloji ituma moteri y’imodoka isubirwamo (modification) ikajyamo uburyo bwo kwakira gaz (CNG cyangwa LPG) cyangwa ikavanwamo moteri ikoresha lisansi hakajyamo moteri y’amashanyarazi na batiri. Ibi biganiro bigamije kureba uko iri koranabuhanga ryagezwa mu Rwanda ku giciro kinogeye buri wese kandi hagashyirwaho n’amagaraji y’inzobere azaba ashinzwe ako kazi.

Leta y’u Rwanda kandi irateganya gukoresha ingufu zayo bwite, aho izibanda ku gukoresha gaz izajya icukurwa mu Kiyaga cya Kivu mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubu buryo bushya bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu. Biteganyijwe ko guhera mu mwaka wa 2028, u Rwanda ruzaba rutangiye kubona gaz nyinshi yo mu Kiyaga cya Kivu izafasha mu gutuma igihugu cyihaza mu ngufu zo gutekesha ndetse no gukoresha mu binyabiziga bikoresha gaz. Ibi bizagabanya cyane gutumiza gaz cyangwa peteroli hanze, bitume ifaranga ry’u Rwanda rikomeza kugira agaciro kuko amafaranga menshi y’amahanga asohoka mu gihugu ajya kugura peteroli azaba agabanutse cyane.

Abasesenguzi mu by’ubukungu n’ibidukikije bavuga ko ubu buryo bwo guhindura imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa gaz bishobora kugabanya ku kigero gishimishije amafaranga y’amahanga igihugu gitakaza hanze, kandi bikanafasha mu kurengera amagara y’abaturage binyuze mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Kugeza ubu, ibinyabiziga biri mu bintu bya mbere bitanga imyuka myinshi ya Karuboni (CO2) yangiza ikirere mu Rwanda, aho bibarirwa kohereza mu kirere hafi 12% by’imyuka yose ihumanya mu gihugu. Guhindura izi modoka bizaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu gutuma u Rwanda rugera ku ntego zarwo zo kuba igihugu kidahumanya ikirere (Carbon neutral) bitarenze umwaka wa 2050.

Mu rwego rwo gutanga urugero rwiza no gushishikariza abikorera n’abaturage kwinjira muri uyu mu shinga, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yamaze gufata icyemezo kigenga imigirire y’ibigo bya Leta (Public Institutions). Iki cyemezo gisaba ko nibura 30% by’imodoka nshya ibigo bya Leta bigura zigomba kuba zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa. Ibi bigenda bijyana no gushyiraho ibyanya byo gucaginga (charging stations) no koroshya imisoro ku bikoresho byose bijyanye n’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi, kugira ngo ishoramari muri uru rwego rworoshywe kandi rirusheho kwaguka mu gihugu hose.

Hari icyizere gikomeye cyane ko iyi gahunda nirangira gutunganywa neza, izafasha Abanyarwanda kubona uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu mu buryo buhendutse kandi buhoraho, cyane cyane mu gihe ibiciro bya peteroli bikomeje kuba ikibazo ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ubu buryo nibujyaho, bizatuma ibiciro by’ubwikorezi bidahora bihindagurika bishingiye ku ntamabara n’amakimbirane yo mu bindi bihugu, ahubwo bishingire ku ngufu igihugu cyishakamo, bikazagabanya n’ikiguzi cy’ubuzima ku Munyarwanda uwo ari we wese, dore ko ubwikorezi ari ryo nkingi ya mwamba y’ubucuruzi n’iterambere ry’imibereho myiza.