Uretse kuba intwaro “Uranium” yifashishwa no mu buvuzi bugezweho

Iyo bavuzwe uranium, abantu benshi bahita batekereza ku ntwaro za nikleyeri n’ibisasu bikomeye byasize amateka akomeye ku Isi. Nyamara, iki kinyabutabire gifite n’uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ubuvuzi, ubushakashatsi ndetse no gutanga amashanyarazi.

Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakomeje kuvumbura amoko atandukanye ya radiation arimo alpha, beta na gamma rays. Ibyo byatumye basobanukirwa neza uburyo atomu zishobora kurekura ingufu zikomeye cyane zifite akamaro mu nzego zitandukanye.

Nyuma y’aho, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko gutandukanya ibice by’imbere muri atomu ya uranium bishobora gutanga ingufu nyinshi cyane. Ubu bumenyi bwaje gukoreshwa mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi, aho ibihugu bikomeye byashyize imbaraga mu gukora intwaro za nikleyeri.

Uranium Mu Mateka Y’Intambara

Mu mushinga w’ibanga wari uzwi nka Manhattan Project, abahanga bo muri Amerika n’u Bwongereza bakoze ubushakashatsi bwatumye haboneka igisasu cya mbere cya nikleyeri.

Mu mwaka wa 1945, hakozwe igeragezwa rya mbere ryiswe Trinity mbere y’uko ibisasu bya nikleyeri biterwa mu mijyi ya Hiroshima na Nagasaki mu Buyapani. Ibyo bisasu byasize ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’abantu no ku mateka y’Isi.

Icyo gihe uranium yatangiye kumenyekana cyane nk’ikinyabutabire gishobora gutanga ingufu zikomeye cyane, haba mu ntambara no mu bindi bikorwa.

Uko Uranium Ifasha Mu Buvuzi

Nubwo uranium ifitanye isano n’intwaro za nikleyeri, ubu ikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa bifasha abantu. Mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi, hifashishwa ibikomoka kuri uranium mu gukora ibikoresho bifasha abaganga kubona amashusho y’imbere mu mubiri.

Iyo uranium itunganyijwe mu buryo bwihariye, ishobora kuvamo ibinyabutabire bikoreshwa mu gufasha imashini zisuzuma indwara zitandukanye zirimo kanseri, indwara z’umutima n’izifata ubwonko.

Abahanga bavuga ko ibikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa mu gufata amashusho kwa muganga bishingira ku ikoranabuhanga rikomoka ku mbaraga za nikleyeri. Ibi bituma abaganga babasha kubona indwara hakiri kare, bityo umurwayi akavurwa vuba.

Uruhare Rwayo Mu Mashanyarazi

Uretse ubuvuzi, uranium ni imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi zitanga amashanyarazi mu bihugu byinshi. Mu mashini zizwi nka nuclear reactors, uranium ikoreshwa mu kurema ingufu zibyara amashanyarazi ashobora gukoreshwa n’inganda, ibitaro n’ingo z’abaturage.

Ibihugu byinshi bikomeje kwifuza gukoresha iri koranabuhanga kubera ko ritanga amashanyarazi menshi kandi rikagira uruhare mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Muri Afurika na ho hari ibihugu birimo gutekereza ku gukoresha ingufu za nikleyeri kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo kubona amashanyarazi ahagije no guteza imbere ubukungu.

Nubwo uranium ifite akamaro gakomeye, ikoreshwa ryayo rikomeje guteza impaka ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Impamvu ni uko uranium itunganyijwe ku rwego rwo hejuru ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora intwaro za nikleyeri.

Ni yo mpamvu imiryango mpuzamahanga ikurikirana uburyo ibihugu bicunga no gukoresha uranium kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu mahoro no mu bikorwa by’iterambere aho gukoreshwa mu ntambara.

Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ejo hazaza h’iri koranabuhanga hazaterwa n’uburyo rizakoreshwa. Iyo ricungiwe neza, rishobora gufasha mu kuvura indwara, gutanga amashanyarazi no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Iyo rikoreshwe nabi, rishobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye ku mutekano w’Isi.

Muri iki gihe, ibihugu byinshi birimo gushaka uburyo bwo gukoresha uranium mu nyungu z’abaturage, cyane cyane mu buvuzi no mu gutanga ingufu zisukuye zizafasha iterambere rirambye.