Botswana: Ubushakashatsi ku ikoranabuhanga mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ryifashisha ubwenge buhangano burarimbanyije

Ikigo cy’ubucukuzi cyitwa Botswana Minerals cyatangiye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryitwa ubwenge buhangano (AI) rifatanyije n’uburyo busanzwe bwa siyansi y’ubutare, mu rwego rwo kwihutisha no kunoza ubushakashatsi ku mabuye y’agaciro mu gace ka Ngamiland. Ibi bikorwa bigamije kugabanya igihe bisaba kumenya aho amabuye aherereye no kongera ukuri mu gufata ibyemezo byo gucukura.

Ubushakashatsi buri gukorerwa mu gice cyitwa Damara Belt, kizwiho kuba gikungahaye ku mabuye y’agaciro atandukanye. Iki gice giherereye hagati ya Namibia na Botswana, kikaba kimaze igihe kizwiho kugira umutungo kamere w’ingenzi urimo umuringa, ifeza, sufuri na zinki, bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye.

Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’ubushakashatsi, Botswana Minerals yatangaje ko yabonye ibisubizo by’ingenzi byerekana ko hari amahirwe menshi yo kubona ayo mabuye. Hagaragaye umurongo w’umuringa ureshya na kilometero 9.5 uri hafi y’ahari imirongo y’isenyuka ry’ubutaka, bikaba byerekana ko ayo mabuye ashobora gukomeza no mu bujyakuzimu. Hanagaragaye umurongo w’ifeza ugera kuri kilometero 20, ndetse n’agace gafite sufuri na zinki gafite uburebure bwa kilometero 2.4. Ibi byose byerekana ko ako gace gafite amabuye atandukanye yegeranye.

Umuyobozi w’iki kigo, John Teeling, yavuze ko ikoreshwa ry’ubwenge buhangano ryatumye uburyo bwo gusuzuma amakuru burushaho kwihuta no gutanga ibisubizo byizewe. Yagaragaje ko mbere byasabaga igihe kinini, ariko ubu amakuru ahuzwa vuba bigafasha kumenya neza aho hakwiye gucukurwa. Ibi bigabanya igihombo kandi bikongera amahirwe yo kubona umusaruro mwiza.

Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko hari ibisobanuro bibiri bishoboka ku miterere y’ayo mabuye. Icya mbere ni uko ayo mabuye ashobora kuba ari mu murongo umwe uhuye, aho umuringa, ifeza, sufuri na zinki byose bifitanye isano. Icya kabiri ni uko ashobora kuba ari amoko atandukanye ariko yegeranye mu buryo bugaragara nk’aho ari hamwe. Ibi byose biracyakorerwa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.

Mu cyiciro cya kabiri, Botswana Minerals irateganya kongeramo ubundi buryo bwo gukora ubushakashatsi harimo gusuzuma imbaraga z’isi zikurura ibintu (gravity), gupima imbaraga za rukuruzi (magnetisme), kwagura aho bafata amasampuli y’ubutaka, no gukoresha amashusho ya satelite asesengurwa mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo basobanukirwe neza imiterere y’ubuso bw’isi. Bazanasuzuma amakuru y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere, bayahuze n’ayo ubwenge buhangano butanga kugira ngo bahitemo neza aho gucukura.

Si Botswana Minerals yonyine iri gukoresha iri koranabuhanga. Ikindi kigo cyitwa Tsodilo Resources nacyo kiri gukoresha uburyo bugezweho mu gushakisha andi mabuye y’agaciro mu bice biri hafi aho. Ibi bigaragaza ko ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga mu bucukuzi ririmo kwiyongera cyane.

Igihugu cya Botswana gikomeje gukurura abashoramari benshi kubera ituze rya politiki, amategeko yorohereza ubucuruzi, n’umutekano usesuye. Mu gihe isi ikomeje gukenera cyane amabuye y’agaciro akoreshwa mu nganda n’ikoranabuhanga, Botswana iri kwigaragaza nk’igihugu gifite amahirwe akomeye muri uru rwego.

Muri rusange, ikoreshwa ry’ubwenge buhangano riri guhindura cyane uburyo amabuye y’agaciro ashakishwa, rikihutisha akazi, rikongera ukuri mu byemezo, kandi rikazamura umusaruro mu bucukuzi bw’umutungo kamere.