Introvert, Extrovert na Ambivert: Ese wowe uzi ikiciro uherereyemo? Sobanukirwa!

Mu buzima bwa buri munsi, abantu benshi bakunze kwibaza impamvu hari abandi bantu bakunda kuba ahantu hari abantu benshi, bakagira inshuti nyinshi kandi bakagirana umubano usesuye n’abandi bakisanzura mu buryo bwuzuye, nyamara hakaba n’abandi bakunda kwibera mu buzima bw’umutuzo cyane, bagashimishwa no kumara igihe kinini ari bonyine cyangwa mu matsinda mato bitandukanye cyane n’abandi.

Mu byukuri n’ubwo bibaho bityo si ibintu bibaho ku bw’amahirwe gutyo gusa. Abahanga mu mitekerereze y’abantu bavuga ko bishingira ahanini ku miterere kamere y’umuntu izwi nka personality traits. Mu byiciro bizwi cyane harimo: Introvert, Extrovert na Ambivert, ari byo bisobanura uburyo umuntu yitwara, aho akura imbaraga ndetse n’uko akorana n’abandi.

Mu gihe abantu benshi bibwira ko umuntu agomba kuba muri kimwe muri ibyo byiciro Introvert cyangwa Extrovert gusa, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko hari abantu benshi ku Isi bari hagati y’ibi byiciro byombi, bakaba ari bo bitwa: Ambiverts.

Inkomoko y’iyi nyigisho

Umunyamitekerereze w’Umusuwisi, Carl Jung, ni umwe mu bahanga ba mbere basobanuye aya matsinda mu gitabo cye cyasohotse mu 1921 cyitwa Psychological Types.

Jung yagaragaje ko abantu batandukana mu buryo bakira amakuru, bafata ibyemezo ndetse n’aho bakura imbaraga zibafasha gukora ibikorwa byabo bya buri munsi.

Nyuma yaho, abashakashatsi batandukanye bakomeje kunoza iyi nyigisho kugeza ubwo yinjijwe mu bipimo mpuzamahanga byifashishwa mu gupima imiterere y’abantu.

Ese ubundi “Introvert” ni muntu ki?

Ijambo “introvert” (ni umuntu ukura imbaraga mu mutuzo no kuba wenyine kurusha kuba mu bantu benshi) rifite inkomoko mu rurimi rw’Ikilatini. Ryakomotse ku magambo abiri y’Ikilatini: intro bivuze “imbere cyangwa mu mutima” na vertere bivuze “guhindukira cyangwa kwerekeza”. Ubusobanuro nyabwo: Iyo uyateranyije, bivuze “kwerekeza ibitekerezo imbere”.

Ukurikije ubushakashatsi n’amateka, iri jambo ryatangijwe mu rurimi rw’Ikinyand Германии n’umuganga w’umunyabwenge mu by’imitekerereze witwa Carl Jung mu gitabo cye cyasohotse mu mwaka wa 1921.

Aba bantu bakunda gutekereza cyane mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyangwa mbere yo kuvuga. Akenshi usanga bakunda ibiganiro byimbitse aho gukunda kuganira ku bintu byinshi icyarimwe.

Abahanga bavuga ko Introverts batari abantu bafite ikibazo cyo gusabana nk’uko bamwe babitekereza. Ahubwo ni abantu baba bumva bisanzuye iyo bari ahantu hatuje cyangwa bagirana ibiganiro n’abantu bake ibyo akaba aribyo bibaha amahoro.

Ibiranga abantu bari “Introvert”

• Introverti , ahitamo kuba wenyine kugirango ashobore kuruhuka no kugubwa neza.
• Introverti aba azi kwitegereza cyane, abona byinshi abandi batabonye bahugiye mu kuvuga bityo bigatuma ashobora gushyira mu gaciro akaba yanatekereza ku bintu abandi badashobora gutekerezaho, kuko usanga abantu bari introverti bandika ibitabo, cyangwa bagahanga udushya dutuma isi irushaho kuba nziza kurushaho.

Urugero rwa ba introvertis bubatse amazina kubera ibikorwa byabo harimo: Abraham Lincoln, Bill Gates, Eleanor Roosevelt, Warren Buffett, Mahatma Gandhi na Albert Einstein.

• Ba introvertis bagira inshuti nke cyane ariko ubucuti bwabo bukaba bukomeye cyane kandi buzira uburyarya. Ba introverti nibo bihitiramo inshuti, ntabwo inshuti arizo zibahitamo.
• Introverti ntakunda kugira urwenya, iyo avuze ikintu ni uko aba yagitekerejeho, kandi ntatinda kubishyira mu bikorwa, agira amagambo macye ariko akaze.
• Ba introverti iyo bavugana n’ umuntu nta kintu na kimwe kibacika batagikoreye isuzuma risesuye, iyo uvuganye na introverti uba wizeye ko ibyo wamubwiye byose yabyumvise.
• Ba introverti ntibakunda kwishora mu bitari ngombwa, ntibakunze kugwa mu mitego y’ababeshya kuko baba bigengesera mbere yo gufata ibyemezo.
• Ba introvertis bazi kugera kucyo bashaka kandi bacecetse no mu ibanga, kandi bazi guha icyerekezo abandi bantu.
• Ba introverti ni abantu bakunda ubwigenge bwo kwitekerereza. Gukorera mu matsinda, bibananiza mu bwonko bikagabanya umusaruro w’ ibikorwa byabo, ariko icyo bakoze ari bonyine kiratungana neza.

Imbaraga za Introverts

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’impuguke Susan Cain, umwanditsi w’igitabo Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking, bugaragaza ko Introverts bakunze kuba abahanga mu:

• Bushakashatsi
• Kwandika
• Ikoranabuhanga
• Ubumenyi n’ubumenyi-ngiro
• Gufata ibyemezo bisobanutse

Abantu benshi bazwi ku Isi nka Albert Einstein, Bill Gates na J.K. Rowling bakunze kuvugwa nk’abafite byinshi biranga Introverts.

Ese ubundi “Extrovert” we ni muntu ki?

Ijambo “Extrovert” (cyangwa extravert) rikomoka ku rurimi rw’Ikilatini. Ryubatswe n’amagambo abiri: ex– bivuze “hanze”, na vertere bivuze “guhindukira” cyangwa “kugana”.Muri rusange, risobanura umuntu ugana hanze; ni ukuvuga umuntu ukunda guhuza n’abandi, ufungukiye abantu, kandi ukura ingufu mu kuba ari kumwe n’abandi bantu.

Ibiranga Extrovert

Bimwe mu bikunze kuranga abantu Bari muri icyo kiciro birimo:

• Bongera imbaraga mu bantu: Babona imbaraga nyinshi n’ibyishimo iyo bari kumwe n’abandi (kurusha iyo bari bonyine).
• Bakunda kwisanzura: Ni abantu b’abanyamuganwa, bakunda guhura n’abantu bashya, kandi bakunda iminsi mikuru n’ibirori.
• Bavuga mbere yo gutekereza: Bamenyereye kuvuga ibiri mu mutima wabo cyangwa ibitekerezo byabo batabanje kubanza kubipima cyane cyangwa kubyandika.
• Bakunda ibikorwa: Bafite imbaraga nyinshi zo guhita bashyira mu bikorwa ibitekerezo byabo aho kubirindira cyane mu mutwe.
• Bazi kwiyitaho: Ntabwo bagira ipfunwe ryo kwigaragaza cyangwa kuyobora ibintu (assertive).
• Bakunda gukorera mu matsinda: Mu kazi cyangwa mu buzima busanzwe, bishimira gukorana n’abandi cyane kurusha kwigunga mu kazi.
• Akenshi umuntu wo muri iki kiciro aba yumva yishimye iyo ari mu bikorwa asangiye n’abandi, mu birori cyangwa mu biganiro birimo abantu benshi.
• Aba bantu bakunda kuvuga ibitekerezo byabo mu buryo bworoshye kandi bafite ubushobozi bwo kwiyegereza abandi vuba.

Inkomoko n’imitekerereze y’abantu ba Extroverts n’uburyo batandukanywa na Introverts, bishingiye ku mikorere y’ubwonko n’uburyo bwakira umusemburo wa Dopamine.

Imbaraga z’umuntu uri “Extroverts”

Abashakashatsi bavuga ko abantu ba Extroverts bakunze gutsinda mu mirimo isaba:

• Kuganira n’abantu benshi
• Ubucuruzi
• Politiki
• Itangazamakuru
• Kuyobora amatsinda.

Ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe na Harvard Business Review bwagaragaje ko abantu bafite ibimenyetso byinshi bya extroversion bakunze kugira umubare munini w’inshuti n’imiyoboro ibafasha mu kazi.

Ambivert: Icyiciro abantu benshi barimo

Ijambo “ambivert” ryakomotse ku nshinga n’inyuguti zo mu rurimi rw’Ikilatini. Ryatangijwe bwa mbere mu myaka ya 1920 n’umushakashatsi w’Umunyamerika akaba n’impuguke mu by’imitekerereze ya muntu, Edmund Smith Conklin.Iyi nyito igizwe n’ibice bibiri: Ambi-: Ikomoka ku ijambo ry’Ikilatini risobanura “ku mpande zombi” cyangwa “hagati yombi” (nk’uko bigaragara no mu yandi magambo nka ambidextrous cyangwa ambivalent). –vert: Ikomoka ku nshinga y’Ikilatini vertere, bisobanura “guhindukira” cyangwa “kuyoboka”.

Ku bw’iyo nkomoko, iryo jambo risobanura umuntu uri hagati mu miterere y’abantu bafite ishyaka n’ubushake bwo kubana n’abandi (extrovert) n’abakunda kuba bonyine cyangwa kwiyungura mu mitekerereze yabo bwite (introvert).

Mu myaka yashize, abantu benshi batekerezaga ko ari ngombwa ko umuntu aba Introvert cyangwa Extrovert gusa.

Ariko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Adam Grant, umwarimu muri University of Pennsylvania, bwagaragaje ko abantu benshi ku Isi bari hagati y’ibi byiciro byombi.

Aba bantu bitwa: “Ambiverts”

Ijambo Ambivert (mu Kinyarwanda bikunze kuvuga umuntu ufite imico y’ubwoko bwombi) rifite inkomoko mu ndimi z’inyamahanga no mu bumenyi bwa muntu (Psychology).

Ni ijambo rikomoka ku nyuguti n’imizi by’ikilatini: Ambi-: Bivuze “impande zombi” cyangwa “byombi” (nk’uko ijambo ambidextrous risobanura gukoresha amaboko yombi kimwe).-vert: Rituruka ku nshinga yo mu Kilatini vertere, bivuze “guhindukira” cyangwa “kugana ku ruhande runaka”.

Ambivert rero bisobanura “uwigendera cyangwa ugendera ku mpande zombi”, hagati y’umuntu ufungukira abandi n’uwigunga.

Ibiranga abantu bari “Ambiverts”

Bimwe mu bintu biranga abantu bari muri icyo kiciro:

• Bazi gusabana ariko banakunda kwiherera: Ambivert ashobora kuba umuntu usetsa abandi, akaganira neza, ariko nanone agahita akena igihe cyo kuba wenyine ngo aruhuke.
• Bahindura imyitwarire bitewe n’abantu bari kumwe: Iyo ari mu nshuti ze z’inkoramutima, aba ashyushye kandi asabana cyane. Ariko iyo ari mu bantu atazi neza, ashobora kuba acecetse cyangwa akitonda.
• Bagira uburinganire mu mitekerereze: Ntibakabya kujya mu mvugo nyinshi cyangwa guceceka cyane. Bagerageza kubika “balance” hagati yo kuvuga no kumva abandi.
• Bashobora kunanirwa kuba hamwe n’abantu cyangwa no kurambirwa no kuba bonyine: Iyo bamaze igihe kirekire basabana, bararuha bagashaka kuruhuka. Ariko na none iyo bamaze igihe bari bonyine, bashobora kumva bashaka abantu.
• Bafata ibyemezo bashingiye ku bihe: Ntibafata imyanzuro imwe ihoraho ku bijyanye n’abantu; imyitwarire yabo iterwa n’uko ibintu bimeze.
• Ni abantu bumva abandi neza: Kubera ko bazi impande zombi (kwiherera no gusabana), akenshi bumva neza ibyiyumvo by’abandi kandi bakabasha guhuza abantu.

Kuki abantu ba Ambiverts bakunze gutsinda?

Ubushakashatsi bwa Adam Grant bwakorewe ku bagurisha ibicuruzwa bwerekanye ko Ambiverts bagurisha neza kurusha Introverts ndetse no kurusha bamwe mu Extroverts.

Impamvu ni uko bafite ubushobozi bwo:

• Kuvuga igihe bikenewe
• Gutega amatwi abakiliya
• Guhuza n’imiterere y’abantu batandukanye

Imibare igaragaza uko abantu bagabanuka

Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwakozwe mu bihugu bitandukanye bugaragaza ko: Hagati ya 15% na 25% by’abantu bafite ibimenyetso byinshi bya Introvert. Mu gihe hagati ya 20% na 30% bafite ibimenyetso byinshi bya Extrovert. Naho abasaga 50% kugeza kuri 60% bari mu cyiciro cya Ambiverts.

Ese umuntu ashobora guhinduka?

Nyuma y’uko hari abibaza niba umuntu uri muri kimwe muri ibi byiciro ashobora guhinduka akaba uwo mu kiciro zitandukanye n’icyo yahozemo. Abahanga bavuga ko imiterere y’umuntu itahinduka burundu ariko ishobora kugenda ihinduka bitewe n’imyaka, uburere, akazi ndetse n’ibyo umuntu anyuramo.

Urugero: Introvert ashobora kwiga kuvugira mu ruhame.

Extrovert ashobora kwiga gutekereza cyane mbere yo gufata icyemezo.

Ambivert ashobora kwerekana uruhande rumwe kurusha urundi bitewe n’ibihe.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga n’imyumvire itari yo

Mu gihe cya none, imbuga nkoranyambaga zatumye abantu benshi batekereza ko gutsinda bisaba kuba umuntu uvuga cyane cyangwa uhorana abantu.

Abahanga bavuga ko ibi atari byo.

Bemeza ko Introverts, Extroverts na Ambiverts bose bashobora gutsinda bitewe n’uko bakoresha imbaraga bafite.

Susan Cain yavuze ko isi ikeneye abantu b’ubwoko bwose kuko buri cyiciro gifite umusanzu wihariye gitanga.

Ni iki wakora kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza?

Impuguke mu mitekerereze y’abantu zigusaba:

• Kumenya ubwoko bw’imiterere yawe
• Kutigereranya n’abandi
• Gukoresha imbaraga zawe aho kwibanda ku ntege nke
• Kubaha imiterere y’abandi utitaye kuba itandukanye n’iyawe.

Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko Introvert, Extrovert na Ambivert atari ibimenyetso byo kugena uwarusha undi ubushobozi, ahubwo ari uburyo butandukanye abantu bakoresha mu kubaho no gukorana n’abandi.

Mu gihe Introverts bakunze kuba abasesenguzi beza, Extroverts bakaba abahanga mu kubaka imibanire, Ambiverts bo bafite ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibi byiza byombi. Ni yo mpamvu abahanga benshi bemera ko icy’ingenzi atari ukumenya gusa icyiciro urimo, ahubwo ari ukumenya uburyo wakoresha neza iyo miterere yawe kugira ngo igufashe gutera imbere mu buzima, mu kazi no mu mibanire yawe n’abandi.

Src: The Guardian, EBSCO, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, PsychologicalScience etc…

Umwanditsi: CYIZA Theogene